Perspektif Sosiologi Bidayuh Terhadap Gerakan Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM) (Sociological Perspectives on Sabah Sarawak Secession Movement of Malaysia (SSKM))
Abstract
Ketidaksamarataan sosial atas dasar diskriminasi, peminggiran dan pengasingan hingga menimbulkan jurang kemiskinan antara negeri dan wilayah seringkali dibangkitkan dalam hubungan antara negeri dan kerajaan persekutuan. Dalam masa yang sama, polemik ini kemudiannya dihangatkan lagi dengan perjanjian tentang status dan hak antara negeri dan kerajaan persekutuan menurut perundangan dalam pembentukan sesebuah negara bangsa. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk meneliti perspektif etnik Bidayuh terhadap Gerakan Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM) berdasarkan imaginasi sosiologi dimensi diskriminasi, peminggiran dan pengasingan sebagai rakan kongsi dalam pembentukan negara Malaysia berasaskan Perjanjian 1963. Strategi penyelidikan abduktif menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data secara kualitatif iaitu temubual mendalam dan perbincangan kumpulan terfokus telah digunakan. Sejumlah 50 orang etnik Bidayuh di Bahagian Serian telah terlibat dalam kajian ini menggunakan persampelan berstrata dan bertujuan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat tiga perspektif utama yang diutarakan oleh etnik Bidayuh di Bahagian Serian tentang Gerakan Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia iaitu untuk menuntut hak sebagai rakan sekutu dalam Pembentukan Negara Malaysia yang telah termaktub dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan desakan terhadap kerajaan persekutuan supaya menghormati 18 perkara untuk Sarawak yang terkandung dalam Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dan sebagai landasan untuk menyuarakan perasaan tidak puas hati terhadap pentadbiran kerajaan pusat yang berterusan menganaktirikan pembangunan rakyat di kedua-dua buah negeri ini. Kesimpulannya, pandangan ini timbul disebabkan oleh sikap kerajaan persekutuan itu sendiri yang masih lagi tidak mengimplimentasikan hak dan status negeri Sarawak dalam konteks perundangan sebagai rakan sekutu dalam pembentukan negara Malaysia.
Katakunci: diskriminasi, etnik Bidayuh, ketidaksamarataan sosial, peminggiran, Sarawak
Social inequality on the basis of discrimination, marginalization and alienation has led to gaps between state and territory poverty often raised in the relationship between the state and the federal government. At the same time, the debate was further strengthened by the agreement on the status and rights of state and federal governments in accordance with the constitution of the formation of a nation. The main objective of this study was to examine the Bidayuh ethnic perspective in relation to the Sabah Sarawak Secession Movement (SSKM) based on the sociological imagination dimensions of discrimination, marginalization and alienation as partners in the formation of the Malaysian nation under the 1963 Agreement. An abductive research strategy using qualitative data collection techniques including in-depth interviews and focused group discussions was used. A total of 50 Bidayuh ethnic groups in the Serian Division participated in this study using stratified and purporsive sampling. The results show that there are three main perspectives expressed by the Bidayuh ethnic groups in the Serian Division on Sabah Sarawak Secession Movement of Malaysia that is to claim the right to be an ally in the Formation of Malaysia as set out in the Malaysian Agreement 1963, urging the federal government to respect 18 points for Sarawak is embodied in the Malaysia Agreement of 1963 and as a basis for expressing dissatisfaction with the federal government's ongoing administration of the people's development in both states. In conclusion, this view is borne out by the attitude of the federal government itself which has yet to implement the rights and status of Sarawak in the legal context as an ally in the formation of Malaysia.
Keywords: discrimination, ethnic Bidayuh, social inequality, marginalization, Sarawak
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Azizah K. (2009). Filipino refugees in Sabah: State responses, public stereotypes and the dilemma over their Future. Southeast Asian Studies, 47, 58.
Bilson, K. (1998). Migrant labor: The Sabah experience. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 7, 281-295.
Blaikie, N. (2010). Designing Social Research. Edisi-2. United Kingdom: Polity Press.
Catherine, A. (2014). Statelessness and the lives of the children of migrants in Sabah, East Malaysia. Tilburg Law Review: Journal of International and European Law, 19(1-2), 26-34.
Ismail, Y. (1997). Politik dan Agama di Sabah. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2016). Statistik Kemiskinan dan Populasi Penduduk Mengikut
Negeri. http://www.data.gov.my/data.
Jabatan Perdana Menteri Malaysia. (2019). Perjanjian Malaysia 1963. https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/Artikel/MA63.pdf
Jacqueline Ann Surin. (2014). Uncommon Sense with Wong Chin Huat: Can Sabah and Sarawak secedes? March 3, 2014. Atas talian: http://www.thenutgraph.com/uncommon-sense-with-wong-chin-huat-can-sabah-and-sarawak-secede/.
Ong, P.L., & Badariah, S. (2016). Saexit – Sabah dan Sarawak Keluar Malaysia: Tinjauan Atas
Talian Pandangan Orang Sabah dan Sarawak. Kertas kerja dibentangkan di Perbincangan Meja Bulat Federalisme dan Isu Hak Negeri. Anjuran Institut Kajian Etnik pada 14 April 2016 di Hotel Bangi Putrajaya – Bangi.
Kasmila, A. (1980). Politik Sabah Tahun 80an (Sabah tanpa Syed Kechik). Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka: Kuala Lumpur.
Lee, E. (1976). The Towkays of Sabah: Chinese leadership and indigenous challenge in the last phase of British Rule. Singapore: Singapore University Press Ptd Ltd,.
Leong, C. (1982). SABAH, The first 100 years. Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nan Yang Muda Sdn. Bhd.
Lim R. (2008). Federal-State relations in Sabah, Malaysia: The Berjaya Administration, 1976-85. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing.
Matthew, G. (2009). Statelessness and the right to citizenship. Migration Review, 50, 50.
Mohammad, S., & Anantha, R.G. (2019). Sabah Sarawak Keluar Malaysia (SSKM): Hala Tuju Selepas Pru14. Jurnal Kinabalu, 24, 1-16.
Rahman, A.T.A., & Pandikar A.M. (2019). Isu Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) dan Hak Autonomi Sabah dan Sarawak dalam Konteks Sejarah dan Pru-14, Jurnal Kinabalu, 24, 1-21.
Ramli, D. (2003). Isu Keselamatan persempadan Negeri Sabah dan tuntutan terhadap kepulauan Spartly. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Ramzah, D. (2010). Sabah Priority Issues: Setting the course for change. Kota Kinabalu: CCS Printing Sdn. Bhd.
Rosaini, M. (2009). Pola perniagaan pendatang asing di Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Penerbit Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Sarawak Development Corridor. (2008). Koridor Pembangunan Sarawak: Rangka Tindakan Sosioekonomi 2008-2025. Institut Pembangunan Sarawak (SDI). 5 Februari. 1-8.
Sarawak. (2004). Department of Statistics. Population and housing census of Malaysia, 2004, Kuala Lumpur: Gov’t Printing Office.
Sarawak. (2007). Department of Statistics. Population and housing census of Malaysia, 2007, Kuala Lumpur: Gov’t Printing Office.
Sarawak. (2014) Department of Statistics. Population and housing census of Malaysia, 2014, Kuala Lumpur: Gov’t Printing Office.
Sarawak. (2015). Department of Statistics. Population and housing census of Malaysia, 2015, Kuala Lumpur: Gov’t Printing Office.
Yee, S. (1991). Joseph Pairin Kitingan, The making of a Malaysian. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Foto Technik Sdn Bhd.
Zainnal, A. (2015). The Queen’s Obligation and the Inter-Governmental Committee Report. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah: BruConn Sdn Bhd
Zaini, O. (2010). Nasionalisme, Etnisiti dan Komuniti Sempadan Negeri Sabah. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.