Komuniti pembelajaran profesional sebagai budaya kolaborasi profesional sekolah: Teori dan amalan (Professional learning communities as a professional collaboration culture in school: Theory and practice)
Abstract
Budaya pengasingan guru telah menjadi tradisi dalam sistem pendidikan di kebanyakan negara. Walau bagaimanapun, budaya ini dikatakan tidak berupaya meningkatkan pencapaian murid khususnya dalam arus sistem pendidikan yang semakin kompleks. Kini, reformasi terhadap sistem pendidikan melalui kolaborasi menjadi satu keperluan bagi menghadapi persaingan pendidikan di peringkat global. Namun, beberapa kajian mendapati budaya kolaborasi profesional agak sukar dibentuk dalam komuniti pembelajaran profesional. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membincangkan kajian terkini tentang budaya kolaborasi melalui komuniti pembelajaran profesional. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk sintesis penyelidikan secara kualitatif. Kerangka teori yang dirujuk dalam kajian ini adalah berdasarkan Teori Aktiviti Budaya dan Sejarah (Cultural Historical Activity Theory). Fokus kajian adalah ke atas kolaborasi guru sekolah dan sumber data diperoleh daripada artikel dan buku yang diterbitkan. Hasil kajian ini telah menemukan enam tema utama. Tema tersebut ialah kepentingan budaya kolaborasi, bentuk budaya kolaborasi, kebaikan dan keburukan kolaborasi, amalan budaya kolaborasi, halangan budaya kolaborasi dan strategi untuk meningkatkan budaya kolaborasi. Amalan di dalam komuniti pembelajaran profesional didapati mampu membentuk budaya kolaborasi profesional di sekolah.
Katakunci: budaya kolaborasi, kolaborasi guru, komuniti pembelajaran profesional, pembangunan profesionalisme, sekolah
The culture of teacher isolation has been a tradition in most of the countries’ education system. However, this culture is not capable of improving student achievement particularly in the complexity of the current education system. Education system reform through collaboration indeed a need to face global education competition nowadays. Yet, some studies found that professional collaborative culture is difficult to form through professional learning communities. Thus, the aim of the study is to analyze and discuss the latest research findings on the collaborative culture through professional learning communities. This study applies the qualitative research synthesis. The theoretical framework is based on Cultural Historical Activity Theory. The focus of this study is on teacher collaboration and sources of the data are from articles and books publication. This study finds six themes. They are the importance of collaborative culture, forms of collaborative culture, the advantages and disadvantages of collaboration, collaborative culture practices, barriers to collaborative culture and strategies to promote collaboration culture. The practice of professional learning communities also shows that it is able to form a professional collaborative culture in school.
Keywords: collaborative culture, teacher collaboration, professional learning communities, professional development, school
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