Penilaian keberkesanan terowong SMART Kuala Lumpur dalam menghalang banjir kilat (Assessing Effectiveness of Kuala Lumpur SMART Tunnel for Flood Prevention)

Siti Hasniza Muhammad Arshad, Asnor Muizan Hj. Ishak, Nurfashareena Muhamad, Joy Jacqueline Pereira

Abstract


Tujuan utama pembinaan Terowong SMART adalah untuk mengurangkan kejadian banjir kilat di pusat bandar Kuala Lumpur. Banjir kilat di pusat bandar menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan menganggu aktiviti komersial bandar. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keberkesanan Terowong SMART dalam menangani masalah kejadian banjir kilat. Kekerapan dan taburan banjir kilat di Kuala Lumpur dari 1984 hingga 2017 serta liputan kawasan Terowong SMART dianalisis dengan menggunakan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa selepas Terowong SMART mula berfungsi pada tahun 2007, kejadian banjir kilat menurun, tetapi sejak 2010, kejadian air bertakung telah menjadi berleluasa. Hanya 7 kejadian banjir kilat telah direkodkan sejak pembukaan Terowong SMART tetapi di antara 2010 dan 2017, sebanyak 83 kejadian air bertakung telah dilaporkan. Terowong SMART telah memainkan peranan yang penting untuk menghalang lebih banyak kejadian banjir kilat daripada berlaku di pusat Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur. Walau bagaimanapun, masalah air bertakung harus ditangani secara holistik melalui perancangan yang berasaskan kepada pendekatan ekologi seperti yang digunapakai dalam pembangunan bandar raya sponge (sponge city development).

Kata kunci: air bertakung, banjir kilat, GIS, Kuala Lumpur, pencegahan bencana, Terowong SMART

The main purpose of the SMART Tunnel is to reduce flash floods in the city centre of Kuala Lumpur. Flash floods have caused economic loss and interrupted urban commercial activities. This study analyses the effectiveness of the SMART Tunnel in preventing flash floods in the city centre. The frequency and distribution of flash floods from 1984 to 2017 as well as spatial coverage of the SMART Tunnel are analysed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The results show that after the SMART Tunnel started operations in 2007, the incidence of flash floods reduced, but since 2010, water ponding has become prevalent. Only 7 cases of flash floods were recorded after the SMART Tunnel was operational but between 2010 and 2017, a total of 83 water ponding incidents were reported. The SMART Tunnel has played a significant role in preventing further flash floods in the city center of Kuala Lumpur. However, the problem of water ponding should be addressed holistically through planning based on ecological approaches such as in sponge city development.

Keywords: water ponding, flash flood, GIS, Kuala Lumpur, disaster prevention, SMART Tunnel 


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