Budaya politik masyarakat Melayu: Satu analisis (The Malay political culture: An analysis)

Abstract

Budaya politik di Malaysia khususnya budaya politik orang Melayu adalah tidak menonjol yang mana mereka tidak akan menyatakan sesuatu pendirian kecuali dicabar seperti dalam peristiwa 13 Mei 1969. Terbaru pada Disember 2018, masyarakat Melayu bangkit melakukan demonstrasi secara besar-besaran menentang Konvensyen Antarabangsa Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Kaum (ICERD), iaitu ratifikasi antarabangsa Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) yang menuntut mewujudkan kesaksamaan antara semua tanpa mengira kaum. Objektif kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menganalisis budaya politik masyarakat Melayu berdasarkan kepada konsep budaya politik melalui pendekatan “parochial”, “subject” dan “participant”. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan menggunkan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan juga pemerhatian dengan mengambil kira isu-isu semasa yang berlaku dalam politik Malaysia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan budaya politik masyarakat Melayu telah mengalami satu tahap perubahan iaitu daripada budaya politik “subject” ke budaya politik “participant”. Hal ini terbukti menerusi peristiwa politik yang berlaku sepanjang 20 tahun, bermula era reformasi sehingga ke era Malaysia baharu. Secara teorinya, kajian ini memberi sumbangan dalam bidang politik dengan memberikan gambaran tentang perubahan landskap politik dalam masyarakat Melayu sejak kemerdekaan sehingga ke hari ini. Manakala, secara praktikalnya, kajian ini amat penting ke arah keseimbangan dan kematangan proses demokrasi.

Kata Kunci: Budaya politik, demonstrasi, masyarakat Melayu, parti politik, pilihan raya, reformasi

Malaysia political culture especially Malay political culture are not prominent, they tend to avoid and silence except for being challenged as it happened on May 13, 1969. Recently on December 2018, the Malay community rose to a massive demonstration against issues relating to the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), which the international ratification of the United Nations (UN) that seeks to create equality between all and regardless of race. The objective of this study is to analyse the political culture of Malay community base on political culture concept which is parochial, subject and participant. This study uses qualitative methods of document analysis, as well as observations taking into account current issues in Malaysian politics. The results showed the political culture of the Malay community has undergone a phase change, from subject political culture to the participant political culture. This is evidenced by the political events that have taken place over the past 20 years, beginning the era of reforms to the new era of Malaysia. Theoretically, this study contributed in politics by giving an overview of the changing political landscape in Malay society since independence to this day. Meanwhile, practically, this study is crucial towards the balance and maturity of the democratic process.

Keywords: Political culture, demonstrations, Malay community, political parties, elections, reforms