Pembinaan kerangka konstruk kelestarian bandar warisan di Malaysia (Design of a sustainability construct framework for heritage city in Malaysia)

Mohamad Khairul Anuar Ghazali, Yazid Saleh, Hanifah Mahat

Abstract


Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) telah mengariskan tentang keperluan terhadap pembangunan bandar warisan lestari dalam usaha mencapai Agenda 2030. Pelbagai inisiatif dilakukan untuk mencapai kehendak tersebut salah satunya ialah mengukur tahap kelestarian bandar seperti mana yang dilakukan oleh MurniNet 2.0 tetapi terdapat sedikit kelompongan yang berlaku. Oleh itu, tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menyediakan satu kerangka pembinaan konstruk kelestarian bandar warisan yang lengkap dengan memperkenalkan dua konstruk baharu iaitu warisan budaya, peranan kerajaan dan komuniti sebagai rujukan pengukuran kelestarian di Malaysia. Konstruk kelestarian ini dibina untuk persediaan pembinaan set petunjuk dan indeks kelestarian bandar warisan di Malaysia. Kaedah kualitatif iaitu kaedah anlisis dokumen empirikal digunakan untuk membina konstruk ini. Hasilnya terdapat lima (5) konstruk yang dikenalpasti dimana tiga (3) daripadanya merupakan konstruk yang telah diperkenalkan oleh Brundland Report 1987 dan diguna secara meluas di Malaysia iaitu (1) kemakmuran ekonomi, (2) kesejahteraan sosial, dan (3) kesejahteraan alam sekitar. Manakala pengenalan kepada konstruk keempat (4) dan kelima (5) dilakukan iaitu warisan budaya serta peranan kerajaan dan komuniti yang belum digunakan di Malaysia. Konstruk-konstruk ini merupakan asas dan pemboleh ubah untuk pengukuran kelestarian bandar warisan di Malaysia. Implikasi daripada kajian ini dapat dijadikan rujukan kepada pengkaji dan pihak berkuasa pada masa hadapan untuk membina set petunjuk kelestarian yang merangkumi semua elemen kelestarian sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data dan maklumat berkaitan degan tahap kelestarian bandar warisan.

Kata Kunci: Bandar warisan, kerangka konstruk, Malaysia, mampan, pembangunan, warisan budaya

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have outlined the need for sustainable heritage urban development in an effort to achieve the 2030 Agenda. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to provide a complete framework for the construction of heritage heritage sustainability constructs by introducing two new constructs, namely cultural heritage, the role of government and community as a reference for sustainability measurement in Malaysia. This sustainability construct was built to prepare for the construction of a set of indicators and index of heritage of urban heritage in Malaysia. Qualitative method i.e. empirical document analysis method is used to construct this construct. As a results there are five (5) constructs identified where three (3) of them are constructs that were introduced by Brundland Report 1987 and are widely used in Malaysia namely (1) economic prosperity, (2) social well-being, and (3) environmental well-being. While the introduction to the fourth (4) and fifth (5) constructs is done, namely cultural heritage as well as the role of government and community that have not been used in Malaysia. These constructs are the basis and variables for measuring the sustainability of heritage cities in Malaysia. Implications from this study can be used as a reference for future researchers and authorities to build a set of sustainability indicators that include all elements of sustainability as an instrument of data collection and information related to the level of sustainability of heritage cities.

Keywords: Heritage city, construct framework, Malaysia, sustainable, development, cultural heritage


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