Pengaruh kawalan kendiri, pencarian sensasi dan pengherotan kognitif terhadap sikap pro-jenayah dalam kalangan belia institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia (Influence of self-control, sensation seeking and cognitive distortion towards pro-criminal attitudes among Malaysian youths from higher education institutions)

Ang Shu Yen, Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin, Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir, Roseliza-Murni AbRahman, Balan Rathakrishnan

Abstract


Banyak kajian lepas di Barat membuktikan faktor psikologikal menjadi asas kepada pembentukan sikap pro-jenayah dalam kalangan individu. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian yang mengaitkan faktor psikologikal dan sikap pro-jenayah masih terhad dalam konteks Malaysia. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti hubungan serta pengaruh tiga faktor psikologikal iaitu kawalan kendiri, pencarian sensasi dan pengherotan kognitif terhadap sikap pro-jenayah dalam kalangan belia di Malaysia. Kajian menggunakan reka bentuk kuantitatif melalui pendekatan tinjauan dan penggunaan soal selidik yang mengandungi empat instrumen iaitu Self-Control Scale Malay Version, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8), How I Think Questionnaire Malay Version (HITQ-M) dan Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA). Seramai 385 belia direkrut dari seluruh Malaysia dengan menggunakan kaedah persampelan rawak. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan ketiga faktor psikologikal (kawalan kendiri, pencarian sensasi dan pengherotan kognitif) mempunyai hubungan signifikan yang positif dengan sikap pro-jenayah. Analisis regresi pelbagai pula menunjukkan ketiga faktor psikologikal memberi pengaruh sebanyak 17.9% terhadap sikap pro-jenayah di mana pengherotan kognitif merupakan peramal signifikan yang paling kuat. Malah pengherotan kognitif juga merupakan faktor yang paling kuat berkait dengan sikap pro-jenayah. Dapatan kajian sangat bermanfaat dalam usaha memahami sikap pro-jenayah dari sudut psikologi. Dapatan kajian juga sangat diperlukan kepada profesion menolong seperti ahli psikologi, pekerja sosial dan kaunselor dalam membangunkan modul intervensi awal bagi individu yang berisiko tinggi kepada tingkah laku jenayah.

Kata kunci: Belia, faktor psikologikal, kawalan kendiri, pencarian sensasi, pengherotan kognitif, sikap pro-jenayah

Many recent studies in the West have shown that psychological factors as the basis for the formation of pro-criminal attitudes among individuals. However, studies linking psychological factors and pro-criminal attitudes are still limited in the Malaysian context. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the relationship of three psychological factors namely: self-control, sensation seeking and cognitive distortion; towards pro-criminal attitudes among Malaysian youths. This study used quantitative design through a survey approach using four validated instruments namely: Self-Control Scale Malay Version, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS-8), How I Think Questionnaire Malay Version (HITQ-M) and Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA). A total of 385 youths were recruited from all over Malaysia using a random sampling method. The findings showed that three psychological factors (self-control, sensation seeking and cognitive distortion) were significantly associated with pro-criminal attitudes. Multiple regression analysis revealed that all three psychological factors contributed 17.9% towards pro-criminal attitudes, where cognitive distortion was identified as the strongest predictor. Cognitive distortion has also been shown to have the strongest relationship with pro-criminal attitude. The findings of this study are very useful in understanding pro-criminal attitudes from a psychological point of view. The findings would be indispensable to assisting professions such as psychologists, social workers and counsellors in designing intervention modules for individuals at high risk for criminal behaviour.

Keywords: Youth, psychological factors, self-control, sensation seeking, cognitive distortion, pro-criminal attitudes


Keywords


belia; faktor psikologikal; kawalan kendiri; pencarian sensasi; pengherotan kognitif; sikap pro-jenayah

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