Daya tahan komuniti menghadapi banjir 2014: Kajian kes di Kampung Manek Urai Lama, Kuala Krai, Kelantan (Community resilience to the 2014 flood: A case study in the Kampung Manek Urai Lama, Kuala Krai, Kelantan)

NorSyuhada Anua, Mou Leong Tan, Ngai Weng Chan

Abstract


Banjir merupakan suatu bencana alam yang memberi impak negatif kepada rakyat di Malaysia. Peristiwa banjir‘Bah Kuning’ yang berlaku di Kelantan pada tahun 2014 tercatat sebagai bencana yang paling dahsyat dalam sejarah Malaysia. Namun, aspek daya tahan dalam kalangan mangsa banjir kurang dititikberatkan di kajian lepas. Kajian ini mengkaji daya tahan komuniti di Kampung Manek Urai Lama, Kuala Krai, Kelantan menghadapi banjir 2014. Kajian ini telah dijalankan pada Januari sehingga Mei 2018. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan borang soal selidik telah dilakukan bersama ketua isi rumah. Sampel kajian adalah sebanyak 384 orang terdiri daripada ketua isi rumah yang menjadi mangsa banjir 2014. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah bertujuan dan analisis deskriptif serta Indeks Kepentingan Relatif (RII). Komponen sosial dan ekonomi telah digunakan untuk mengukur tahap daya tahan penduduk. Analisis RII menunjukkan bahawa daya tahan komuniti bagi penduduk Kampung Manek Urai Lama berada pada tahap sederhana. Hasil kajian menunjukkan daya tahan sosial dalam kalangan responden adalah lebih tinggi berbanding daya tahan ekonomi. Komuniti tidak dapat mempunyai daya untuk mengurangkan kejadian banjir tetapi mampu mengurangkan impaknya dengan strategi dan ilmu pengurusan bencana. Penyelidikan ini boleh digunakan sebagai rujukan kepada kerajaan tempatan bagi merancang strategi untuk meningkatkan daya tahan komuniti negeri Kelantan bagi menghadapi banjir besar pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Banjir, bah kuning, daya tahan, keterancaman, Kelantan, risiko

Flood is a natural disaster that brings a negative impact on the Malaysians. The ‘Bah Kuning’ flood event which occurred in Kelantan in 2014, is recorded as one of the worst disasters in the history of Malaysia. However, the resilience aspect among flood victims is less emphasized in previous studies. This study examines the community resilience in Kampung Manek Urai Lama, Kuala Krai, Kelantan to the 2014 flood. Data collection was conducted from January to May 2018. A quantitative method using questionnaire survey was carried out with the household head. Research sample consists of 384 household head who are the 2014 flood victims. This research uses purposive approaches and descriptive analysis as well as Relative Importance Index (RII). Social and economic components have been used to assess the community resilience level. RII analysis indicates that the Kampung Manek Urai Lama community's resilience is moderate. Results show that social resilience among respondents is higher than economic resilience. Communities cannot reduce the flood events, but with disaster management techniques and experience, they are able to minimize the impacrt. This research can be used as a reference to local authorities in formulating better strategies to increase the resilience of the Kelantan community to face major floods in the future.

Keywords: Flood, bah kuning, resilience, threat, Kelantan, risk


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