Usman Awang dan Sedili: Hubungan daripada pelancongan kesusasteraan dunia (Usman Awang and Sedili: Global connections to literary tourism)

Abstract

Pelancongan di Malaysia rata-rata tertumpu kepada asas budaya dengan latar penduduknya yang berbilang kaum. Satu bahagian kebudayaan yang agak kurang diperhatikan adalah peranan kesusasteraan sebagai bentuk atau ragam pelancongan di Malaysia (Akta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005). Sejarah panjang pelancongan kesusasteraan di banyak belahan dunia seperti di United Kingdom (Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle), Jepun (Basho, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Haruki Murakami) atau Russia (Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin or Fyodor Dostoevsky), turut menjadi dalil keupayaan Malaysia untuk membangunkan sub genre pelancongan budaya ini. Kajian ini melihat bagaimana Malaysia yang turut mempunyai warisan kesusasteraan yang panjang, dapat mengambil pengalaman yang sama dengan mengenal pasti (i) bentuk dan ciri-ciri pelancongan kesusasteraan; dan (ii) mengenal pasti tokoh sasterawan yang dapat dinamakan sebagai titik tumpu pelancongan kesusasteraan. Kerangka kesusasteraan pelancongan digunakan untuk melihat hubungan empat mauduk, seperti (i) analisis wacana pelancongan dalam karya sastera, (ii) kajian kegiatan sastera terkait dengan pelancongan, (iii) kajian latar tempat kesasteraaan, (iv) alih wahana sastera sebagai promosi pelancongan. Dapatan kajian mengemukakan penyair Usman Awang sebagai tokoh sastera pelancongan Malaysia dengan mempertimbangkan latar kepengarangan dan latar kelahirannya di Kuala Sedili, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Usulan kegiatan sastera seperti baca puisi, persembahan teater atau diskusi karya yang diadakan dengan pengisian kembara ke Sedili meliputi tapak rumah kelahiran dan Sekolah Kebangsaan Dato’ Usman Awang. Kegiatan ini boleh dilakukan dalam bentuk kerjasama pihak Yayasan Usman Awang dan Yayasan Warisan Johor. Karya Usman Awang dalam genre puisi, cerpen, drama dan muzik turut dilihat dalam lensa antara disiplin dan alih wahana seperti puisi “Kekasih”, “Tanahairku” dan “Ke Makam Bonda.

Kata kunci: Kesusasteraan pelancongan, Kuala Sedili, pelancongan budaya, puisi Melayu, ragam pelancongan, Usman Awang

Tourism in Malaysia generally is focused on cultural foundations with a multi-racial background. A part of the culture that is somewhat less observed is the role of literature as a form or mode of tourism in Malaysia (National Heritage Act 2005). The long history of literary tourism in many parts of the world such as the United Kingdom (Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Arthur Conan Doyle), Japan (Basho, Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Haruki Murakami) or Russia (Leo Tolstoy, Anton Chekhov, Alexander Pushkin or Fyodor Dostoevsky), has been a proof of Malaysia’s ability to develop this sub-genre of cultural tourism. This study looks at how Malaysia, which also has a long literary heritage, can take a similar experience by identifying (i) the forms and characteristics of literary tourism; and (ii) identify literary figures who can be named as the focal points of literary tourism. Interdisciplinary frameworks are used to look at the relationship of the four topics, such as (i) analysis of tourism discourse in literary works, (ii) study of literary activities related to tourism, (iii) study of literary setting, (iv) cross media as tourism promotion. The findings of the study presented the poet Usman Awang as a Malaysian tourism literary figure by considering his authorship and birth background in Kuala Sedili, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Proposals for literary activities such as Usman Awang’s Remembrance Day held with a trip to Sedili, to visit the birthplace and the primary school of Dato Usman with the collaboration of Usman Awang Foundation and Johor Heritage Foundation. Usman Awang’s work in the genres of poetry, short stories, plays and music is also seen from the perspective of interdisciplinary and cross media such as the poem “Kekasih”, “Tanahairku” dan “Ke Makam Bonda.”

Keywords: Cultural tourism, Kuala Sedili, literary tourism, Malay poetry, tourism patterns, Usman Awang