Aplikasi tingkah laku kewangan: Kajian kes pengeluaran pra-persaraan skim pencen sewaktu pandemik crisis COVID-19 (Financial behaviour application: A study of pre-withdrawal pension scheme during pandemic covid-19 crisis)
Abstract
Tingkah laku kewangan individu membuat keputusan bergantung kepada pelbagai faktor kerana keputusan kewangan merupakan proses yang kompleks. Walau bagaimanapun, majoriti tingkah laku kewangan individual didorong oleh objektif kewangan individu. Tambahan pula, apabila wujud eleman ketidakpastian, tingkah laku kewangan menjadi lebih kompleks dan keliru sewaktu kewujudan krisis. Oleh itu, aplikasi teori tingkah laku kewangan dalam konteks perancangan kewangan sewaktu pandemik krisis COVID-19 adalah penting untuk difahami. Kajian ini dilaksanakan kerana kurang kajian dalam tingkah laku kewangan dari perspektif perancangan kewangan, dan fokus kepada ahli-ahli skim Kumpulan Wang Skim Persaraan (KWSP) sewaktu pandemik krisis COVID-19. Kajian ini menggunakan sumber data sekunder kedua seperti kajian lepas, data statistik, surat khabar dan laman web yang rasmi. Perbincangan kajian ini terdiri daripada dua bahagian. Pertama, perbincangan kerangka keselamatan sosial dan signifikasi dalam isu penuaan penduduk dalam konteks perancangan kewangan. Kedua, menentukan pengeluaran pra-persaraan individu yang berbentuk perancangan kewangan sewaktu pendemik krisis COVID-19 dan tingkah laku kewangan, di mana ianya mampu meringankan beban hidup harian. Kajian mendapati teori-teori tingkah laku kewangan menunjukkan signifikasi kebolehgunaan dalam tingkah laku perancangan kewangan sewaktu pandemik krisis COVID-19. Dengan pemahaman ini, pihak kerajaan pusat dan institusi-institusi kewangan dapat mengkenalpasti individu dari segi tingkah laku kewangan, dan seterusnya menwujudkan teknik pemasaran runcit yang mantap.
Kata kunci: COVID-19, pengeluaran pra-persaraan, perancangan kewangan, populasi warga tua, skim persaraan KWSP, tingkah laku kewangan
The financial behaviour of individual’s decisions making depends on various factors because financial decisions are a complex process. However, the majority of behavioural financial decision-making is driven by personal financial goals. Furthermore, when an uncertainty element occurs, financial behaviour decision-making becomes more complex and doubtful when a crisis occurs. Thus, the application of behavioural finance theories is thus critical to considerate important, especially during COVID-19 crisis. This study was carried out in response to a lack of behavioural discussion in financial planning perspective and focus behaviour of Employee Provident Fund (EPF) members during COVID-19. This article relies on secondary sources such as previous studies, statistical data, newspapers, and official websites. This study consists of two sections. Firstly, the World Bank's Five-Pillar Pension Framework and issues with an ageing population in Malaysia. Second, COVID-19 pandemic crisis effect on withdrawals from Employee Retirement Fund (EPF). First, to discuss the pension framework and its significance in the context of financial planning. Second, to identify the individual pre-retirement withdrawal, in which financial planning related during the crisis pandemic COVID-19 and financial behaviour, whereby able to reduce the daily financial burden. Overall, the discussion verified the applicability and significance of financial behaviour theories during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. With this information, authorities and financial institutions are able to identify individual financial behaviour and therefore develop a more thorough marketing strategy.
Keywords: COVID-19, pre-retirement withdrawal, financial planning, behavioural finance, EPF pension scheme, aging population
Keywords
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Di antara kesemua jenis pengeluaran skim KWSP, pengeluaran pra-persaraan pelaburan dan pembiayaan perumahan yang mencapai objektif perancangan kewangan
Untuk tujuan pengiraan, 20 tahun selepas bersara digunakan dari persepsi perancangan kewangan.
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