Perubahan persekitaran dan kesannya terhadap kesihatan penduduk: Satu tinjauan dari perspektif sejarah di Perak (1874-1941) (Environmental change and its effect on population health: A review from historical perspective in Perak (1874-1941))

Siti Noor Hafizah Mohamed Sharif

Abstract


Artikel ini membincangkan sisi negatif penghijrahan secara besar-besaran ke atas persekitaran semula jadi dan kesannya ke atas kesihatan penduduk iaitu penularan malaria seperti yang berlaku di Perak bagi tahun 1874 hingga tahun 1941. Justeru, artikel ini memperincikan aspek penghijrahan yang mendorong kepada penerokaan hutan secara besar-besaran dan kesannya ke atas kesihatan penduduk khususnya penularan penyakit malaria. Penulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan sejarah iaitu kaedah analisis sumber primer yang berupa rekod-rekod tinggalan pentadbir kolonial. Rekod kolonial utama yang digunakan dalam artikel adalah Annual Report on Social and Economic Progress of the People of Perak. Ringkasnya, artikel ini mendapati bahawa penghijrahan besar-besaran yang diiringi penerokaan hutan secara pantas untuk tujuan pertanian serta perlombongan telah membawa kepada penularan pelbagai jenis penyakit terutamanya malaria seperti yang berlaku di Perak. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa penerokaan hutan untuk apa-apa tujuan yang tidak diiringi dengan perancangan rapi membawa impak negatif ke atas kehidupan manusia.

 

Kata kunci: Kesihatan, landskap semula jadi, malaria, penerokaan hutan, penghijrahan, penularan penyakit malaria

 

This article discusses the negative aspect of the mass migration on the natural environment and the transmission of malaria in Perak from 1874 to 1941. Therefore, this article aims to detail the aspects of migration that lead to large scale forest exploration and its impact on the health of the population, especially the transmission of malaria. This writing used historical approach which is text analysis of primary resources in the form of British Colonial Records. In short, this article found that, the mass migration accompanied by rapid forest exploitation for the purposes of farming and mining led to the transmission of many diseases especially malaria as happened in Perak. This finding underscores that forest exploration for any purpose that is not accompanied by careful planning brings a negative impact on human life.

 

Keywords: Health, natural landscape, malaria, forest exploitation, migration, transmission of the malaria


Keywords


Kesihatan, landskap semula jadi, malaria, penerokaan hutan, penghijrahan, penularan penyakit malaria (Health, natural landscape, malaria, forest exploitation, migration, transmission of the malaria )

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