Perbandingan pendekatan pengurusan tanah perkuburan lama dan baharu: Satu analisis tinjauan literatur sistematik (Comparison of old and new cemetery management approaches: A systematic literature review analysis)
Abstract
Masalah berkaitan tanah perkuburan lama sedia ada memerlukan penambahbaikan dan cara mengatasinya sekiranya pemilihan tanah perkuburan baharu hendak diwujudkan. Kekurangan tanah untuk pengebumian adalah masalah utama yang kerap timbul terutama di bandar-bandar besar termasuk Malaysia, adalah antara perkara yang perlu diatasi tetapi ianya memerlukan spesifikasi yang memenuhi semua kehendak termasuk kesihatan dan lokasi berkenaan. Objektif kajian bertujuan untuk menganalisis literatur sedia ada berkaitan signifikan kajian terhadap tanah perkuburan sedia ada dan kaedah yang telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan tanah perkuburan baharu. Metodologi kajian yang merupakan kajian SLR adalah berasaskan model PRISMA. Sebanyak 74 rujukan terkini berjaya untuk dianalisis dengan sistematik hasil dari carian melalui Web of science, Scopus, dan Google Scholar serta sumber tambahan lain yang dicari secara manual. Artikel ini telah dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian bagi menjawab objektif kajian. Dari kajian ini, dapat dikenal pasti bahawa setiap tanah perkuburan lama hampir mempunyai masalah yang sama kecuali beberapa perkara yang berkaitan cara pengebumian yang menggunakan bahan tertentu dan secara tidak langsung memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar. Penggunaan GIS mampu memudahkan kerja-kerja analisis mendapatkan tanah perkuburan baharu termasuklah pengurusan serta pentadbirannya. Selaras dengan perkembangan bidang GIS, aplikasi ini dilihat mampu dikembangkan kepada aplikasi yang lebih bersepadu dalam teknologi internet of things (IoT) dalam ruang penggunaan berasaskan web dan menghubungkan tanah perkuburan secara keseluruhannya. Secara kesimpulannya, kajian untuk mendapatkan lokasi tanah perkuburan baharu yang sesuai perlu memahami kriteria yang perlu diberi keutamaan hasil dari masalah yang timbul dari perkuburan sedia ada.
Kata kunci: Kesihatan, PRISMA, Sistem Maklumat Geografi, SLR, tanah perkuburan
Problems related to old existing cemeteries need improvement and methods to overcome them if selection of new cemeteries needs to be created. Lack of land for burial is a major problem that often arises especially in large cities including Malaysia, is among the things that need to be overcome but it requires specifications that meet all the requirements including health and the location concerned. The objective of this study aims to analyse existing literature related to significance of study on existing cemeteries and methods that have been used to obtain new cemeteries. The research methodology is an SLR study based on the PRISMA model. A total of 74 recent references managed to be systematically analysed from the search results through Web of science, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as other additional sources that were done manually. This article has been selected based on the suitability to answer the objective of the study. From this study, it can be identified that every old cemetery has almost the same problems except for some things in relation to burial method that uses certain materials and indirectly affects the environment. The usage of GIS can simplify the analysis to obtain new cemeteries including their management and administration. In line with the development in the field of GIS, this application is seen to be capable of being developed into a more integrated application in the technology of the internet of things (IoT) in the web-based use space and connect the cemetery as a whole. In conclusion, the study to obtain a suitable new cemetery location needs to understand the criteria to be prioritised as a result of problems from existing cemeteries.
Key words: Health, PRISMA, Geographic Information System, SLR, cemetery
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