HAIWAN LIAR SEBAGAI MAKANAN EKSOTIK DAN PENYEBARAN VIRUS CORONA DARI PERSPEKTIF SAINS KESIHATAN DAN ISLAM (Wildlife as an Exotic Food and the Spread of the Corona Virus from the Health Sciences and Islamic Perspective)

Norsuhana Abdul Hamid

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Haiwan liar telah diburu dan dibunuh untuk dijadikan bahan makanan kerana dianggap ia mengandungi kandungan nutrien yang baik untuk kesihatan. Kerakusan manusia memakan daging haiwan liar tanpa batasan menyebabkan berlakunya jangkitan penyakit zoonosis. Kajian ini melibatkan analisis literatur terhadap makanan dan pemakanan daging haiwan liar yang menjadi agen pembawa dan penyebaran virus Corona daripada perspektif sains kesihatan dan Islam. Perbincangan turut merangkumi jenis-jenis virus Corona, haiwan pembawa, bagaimana boleh menjangkiti manusia serta contoh kronologi kes melibatkan pesakit dan berjangkit kepada orang awam yang sihat dan seterusnya membawa maut. Turut diketengahkan daripada aspek sains kesihatan ialah impak terhadap aktiviti sosial masyarakat seperti perintah kawalan pergerakan untuk memutuskan rantaian jangkitan. Daripada aspek kepentingan syariat Islam dalam memilih jenis makanan, makanan yang diharamkan adalah untuk menjaga kemaslahatan manusia secara keseluruhan supaya dapat beribadah kepada Allah SWT.

ABSTRACT

Wildlife animals have been hunted and killed for food assuming that it contained a good nutrients for health. The greed eating the wildlife meat without limitation by the human caused to zoonotic disease. This study review the diet and nutrition of wild animals as the carrier and dissemination agent of coronavirus from health science and Islamic perspective. The discussions also covers the types of Coronavirus, carrier animals, how can infect to humans and chronological examples of cases involving patients, infecting healthy people and contribute to fatal. Also highlighted from the health sciences, where impact on community social activities such as movement control orders to break the chain of infection. From the Islamic perspective, choosing the halal food, the forbidden food (not halal) is to maintain the healtier people so that they can worship Allah SWT.


Full Text:

PDF

References


al-Quran. Terjemahan al-Quran Bahasa Melayu Digital. http://www.surah.my/ [5 Mac 2020].

Alves, R.R.N. 2012. Relationships between fauna and people and the role of Ethnozoology in animal conservation. Ethnobiology and Conservation 1: 1-69.

Bi, Q., Wu, Y., Mei, S., Ye, C., Zou, X., Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Wei, L., Shaun., A.T, Zhang, T., Gao, W., Cheng, C., Tang, X., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Sun, B., Huang, S., Sun, Y.4, Zhang, J., Ma, T., Lessler, J. & Feng, T. 2020. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1,286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen China: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infectious Diseases 20: 911-19.

Bleibtreu, A., Bertine, M., Bertin, C., Houhou-Fidouh, N. & Visseaux, B. 2019. Focus on Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Medecine et Maladies Infectieuses 50 (3): 243-251. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j. medmal.2019.10.004.

Borges do Nascimento, I.J., Cacic, N., Abdulazeem, H.M., von Groote, T.C., Jayarajah, U., Weerasekara, I., Esfahani, M.A., Civile, V.T., Marusic,A., Jeroncic,A., Carvas Junior, N., Pericic, T.P., Zakarija-Grkovic, I., Meirelles Guimarães, S.M., Luigi Bragazzi, N., Bjorklund, M., Sofi-Mahmudi, A., Altujjar, M., Tian, M. & Marcolino, M.S. 2020. Novel Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in humans: A scoping review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9 (941): 2-14. Https:// doi.org/ 10.3390/ jcm 9040941.

Cho, S. Y., Kang, J. M., Ha, Y. E., Park, G.E., Lee, J. Y. & Ko, J. H. 2016. MERSCoV outbreak following a single patient exposure in an emergency room in South Korea: An epidemiological outbreak study. Lancet 388: 994-1001.

Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X. & Zhang, Li. 2020. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel Coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study. Lancet 395 (10223): 507-513.

Cyranoski, D. 2020. Mystery deepens over animal source of Coronavirus. Nature 579: 18-19.

Fan, Y., Zhao, K., Shi, Z., & Zho, P. 2019. Bat Coronaviruses in China. Viruse 11 (3): 2-14.

Ge, X.Y., Wang, N.; Zhang, W., Hu, B., Li, B., Zhang, Y. Z., Zhou, J. H., Luo, C. M., Yang, X. L. & Wu, L. J. 2016. Coexistence of multiple Corona viruses in several bat colonies in an abandoned mineshaft. Virology Sinica 31: 31-40.

Guan, Y., Zheng, B. J, He, Y. Q., Liu, X. L., Zhuang, Z. X. & Cheung, C. L. 2003. Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS Coronavirus from animals in Southern China. Science 302: 276-278.

Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., Liu, J. L., Shan, H. C., Hui, D.S.C., Du, B., Li, L., Zeng, G., Yuen, K.-Y., Chen, R., Tang, C., Wang, T., Chen, P., Xiang, J., Li, S., Wang, J., Liang, Z., Peng, Y., Wei, L., Liu, Y., Hu, Y., Peng, P., Wang, J., Liu, J. Chen, Z., Li, G., Zheng, Z., Qiu, S., Luo, J., Ye, C., Zhu, S. & Zhong, N. 2020. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine 382: 1708-1720. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

Hu, B., Ge., Wang, L.F & Shi., Z. 2015. Bat origin of human Coronaviruses. Virology Journal 12 (221): 2-10.

Hu, Z., Song, C., Xu, C., Jin, G., Chen, Y., Xu, X., Ma, H., Chen, W., Lin, Y., Zheng, Y. & Shen, H. 2020. Clinical characteristics of 24 asymptomatic infections with COVID19 screened among close contacts in Nanjing, China. Sciences China Life Sciences 63: 1661-1664.

Ikhsan, J. Norsuhana, A.H & Fatan, H.Y .2016. Pengambilan daging haiwan liar sebagai makanan dan kesan terhadap kelestarian alam. Jurnal Perspektif 3 (1): 13-23.

Karesh, W & Noble, E. 2009. The Bushmeat Trade: Increased opportunities for transmission of zoonotic disease. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 76: 429-434.

Heymann, D.L. 2004. The international response to the outbreak of SARS in 2003 Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 359: 1127-29.

Heymann, D.L, Mackenzie, J.S. & Peiris M. 2013. SARS legacy: Outbreak reporting is expected and respected. The Lancet 381: 779-781.

Huang, C., Wang, Y. & Li, X. 2020. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 395: 497-506.

Kan, B., Wang, M., Jing, H., Xu, H., Jiang, X. & Yan, M. 2005. Molecular evolution analysis and geographic investigation of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-like virus in palm civets at an animal market and on farms. Journal Virology 79: 11892-900.

Kruse, H., Kirkemo, A. & Handeland, K. 2004. Wildlife as Source of Zoonotic Infections. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10 (12): 2067-2072.

Lau, S. K., Li, K. S., Tsang, A. K., Shek, C.T, Wang, M., Choi, G. K., Guo, R.T., Wong, H. L., Poon, W.S., Lam, S. F., Wang, Y. H., Fan, Y. Y., Chan, H.K., Zheng, J.B., Woo, C.Y., & Yuena, K.Y. 2012. Recent transmission of a Novel AlphaCoronavirus, bat Coronavirus HKU10, from Leschenault’s Rousettes to Pomona Leaf-Nosed Bats: First evidence of interspecies transmission of Coronavirus between bats of different suborders. Journal of Virology 86: 11906-11918.

Lau, S. K. Li, K. S., Tsang, A. K., Lam, C. S., Ahmed, S., Chen, H. L., Chan, K. H., Woo, P.C., & Yuen, K.Y. 2013. Genetic characterization of BetaCoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the spike protein

of Pipistrellus Bat CoronavirusHKU5 in Japanese Pipistrelle: Implications for the origin of the novel Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus. Journal Virology 87: 8638-8650.

Luo, Y., Li, B., Jiang, R.D., Hu, B.J., Luo, D.S., Zhu, G.J., Hu, B., Liu, H.Z., Zhang, Y.Z. & Yang, X.L. 2018. Longitudinal Surveillance of BetaCoronaviruses in Fruit Bats in Yunnan Province, China during 2009-2016. Virology Sinica 33: 87-95.

Lin, X.D., Wang, W., Hao, Z.Y., Wang, Z.X., Guo, W.P., Guan, X.Q., Wang, M.R., Wang, H.W., Zhou, R.H. & Li, M.H. 2017. Extensive diversity of Coronaviruses in bats from China. Virology 507: 1-10.

Liu, K., Fang, YY., Deng, Y, Liu, W., Wang, MF, Ma, JP., Xiao, W., Wang, YN., Zhong, MH., Li, CH., Li, GG., & Liu, H-G. 2020. Clinical characteristics of novel Coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province. Chinese Medical Journal 133(9): 1025-1031. Doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000744.

Lu, R., Zhao, X. & Li, J. 2020. Genomic characterisation and epidemiology of 2019 novel Coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet 395: 565-574.

Md Ariffin, M.F, Ahmad, K. & Hassan, M. R. 2018. Leptospirosis wabak maut dari tikus: Analisis berasaskan Fiqh al-Hadith. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari 2018 (1): 210-234.

Mickleburgh, S., Waylen, K. & Racey, P. 2009. Bats as bushmeat: a global review. Oryx 43(2): 217-234.

Mildenstein, T. Tanshi, I. & Racey, P. A. 2015. Exploitation of Bats for Bushmeat and Medicine. dalam Voigt, C.C. & Kingston, Tigga. Bats in the Anthropocene: Conservation of Bats in a Changing World. 325-375.

Minhat A.L & Rosman A. S. 2015. Makanan dan kesan pemakanan menurut perspektif Islam. Konferensi Antarabangsa Islam Borneo VI 2013 (KAIB VI 2013). Https:// www.academia.edu/10014217/Makanan_dan_Kesan_Pemakanan_menurut_ Perspektif_Islam [5 Mac 2020].

Nassar, M.S., Bakhrebah, M.A., Meo, S.A., Alsuabeyl, M.S. & Zaherw.A. 2016. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences 22: 4956-4961.

Norsuhana A. H. 2018. Sumbangan Haiwan Liar Untuk Kelestarian Alam. In Norsuhana Abdul Hamid. Kelestarian Haiwan Liar. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

Olsen, S. J., Chang, H. L., Cheung, T. Y., Tang, A. F., Fisk, T. L., Ooi, S. P., Kuo, H. W., Jiang, D. D., Chen, K. T., Lando, J. K., Hsu, H., Chen, T. J. & Dowell, S.F. 2003. Transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome on aircraft. The New England Journal of Medicine 349: 2416-2422.

Pavli, A., Tsiodras, S. & Maltezou, H.C. 2014. Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): Prevention in travellers. Travel Medicine Infectious Desease 12: 602-608.

Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO). 2020. https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/sars/en/ [12 Mac 2020].

Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO). 2020. Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003. Dec 31, 2003. https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/ [19 Januari 2020].

Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO). 2020. WHO. Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). November, 2019. http://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/ [19 Januari 2020].

Poutanen, S.M, Low, D.E., Henry, B., Finkelstein, S., Rose, D. & Green K. 2003. Identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Canada. The New England journal of medicine 348 (20): 1995-2005.

Poon, L.L.M., Chu, D.K.W., Chan, K.H., Wong, O.K., Ellis, T.M. & Leung, Y.H.C. 2005. Identification of a novel Coronavirus in bats. Journal Virology 79: 2001-9.

Quave, C.L, Lohani, U., Verde, A., Fajardo, J., Rivera, D., Obo ´n, C., Valdes, A. & Pieroni, A. 2010. A comparative assessment of zootherapeutic remedies from selected areas in Albania, Italy, Spain and Nepal. Journal of Ethnobiology 30 (1): 92-125.

Rothe, C., Schunk, M, Sothmann, P., Bretzel, G., Froeschl, G., Wallrauch, C., Zimmer, T., Thiel, V., Janke, C., Guggemos, W., Seilmaier, M., Drosten, C3, Vollmar, P., Zwirglmaier, K., Zange, S., Wölfel, R. & Hoelscher, M. 2020. Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. The New England Journal of Medicine DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2001468.

Salahudin, A., Ramli, M. A., Zulkepli, M. I. S. & Razak, M. I. A. 2018. Issues in halal meat product and authentication technology from Islamic perspectives. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 7(12): 1305-1315. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v7-i12/3768.

Siti Zubaidah, I., Norsuhana A.H. & Fatan H.Y. 2018. Penggunaan haiwan liar sebagai bahan perubatan. Dlm. Norsuhana Abdul Hamid (pnyt). Kelestarian Haiwan Liar. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

Syukriya, A. J. & Faridah, H. D. 2019. Kajian ilmiah dan teknologi sebab larangan suatu makanan dalam syariat Islam. Journal of Halal Product and Research 2 (1): 44-50.

Tsang, K.W., Ho, PL., Ooi, G.C., Yee, WK., Wang, T. & Chan-Yeung, M. 2003. A cluster of cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong. The New England Journal of Medicine 348 (20): 1977-1985.

Wang, C., Horby, P.W., Hayden, F.G. & Gao, G.F. 2020 a. A novel Coronavirus outbreak of global health concern The Lancet 395: 470-473.

Wang, J.W., Cao, B. & Wang, C. 2020 b. Science in the fight against the novel Coronavirus disease. Chinese Medical Journal 133 (9): 1009-1011.

Wang, L., Shi, Z., Zhang, S., Field, H., Daszak, P. & Eaton, B.T. 2006. Review of Bats and SARS. Emerging Infectious Diseases 12 (12): 1834-1830.

Weiss, SR & Leibowitz JL. 2011. Coronavirus pathogenesis. Advances in Virusn Research 81: 85-164.

Wolfe ND, Daszak P, Kilpatrick AM & Burke DS. 2005. Bushmeat hunting, deforestation and prediction of zoonoses emergence. Emergence Infection Desease 11: 1822–1827.

Wu, Z & Mc Googan, J.M. 2020. Characteristics of and important lessons from the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China. JAMA 323 (13): 1239-1243.

Xie, E., Cai, J. & Rui, G. 2020. Why wild animals are a key ingredient in China’s Coronavirus outbreak. Https:// www. scmp. com/ news/ china/ society/article/3047238/why-wild-animals-are-key-ingredient-chinas-Coronavirusoutbreak [8 Februari 2020].

Zhang, T., Wu, Q. & Zhang, Z. 2020. Pangolin Origin of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak. Current Biologi 30 (7): 1346-1351.

Zhong N, Zheng B, Li Y, Poon L, Xie Z & Chan K. 2003. Epidemiology and cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Guangdong, People Republic of China. The Lancet 362 (9393): 1353-1358.

Zulaekah, S., Yuli Kusumawati, Ilmu, F., Universitas, K. & Surakarta, M. 2005. Halal dan haram makanan dalam Islam. Suhuf. Https://publikasiilmiah.ums.ac.id/bitstream/handle/11617/856/3.%20SITI%20ZULAIKAH.pdf;sequence=1 [5 Mac 2020].




DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2021-1301-06

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


  ISSN: 1985-6830

eISSN: 2550-2271

JURNAL HADHARI: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
Institut Islam Hadhari
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi
Selangor, MALAYSIA.


Phone: +603-8921 7187/7176/6994
Fax: +603-8921 6990
Email: jhadhari@ukm.edu.my

Web: ejournals.ukm.my/jhadhari