Indonesian Online Media Construction of American Elected President, Donald Trump
Abstract
The study aims to look at how online media in Indonesia construct Donald Trump's image as the elected president of the United States of America (USA). This research is a qualitative descriptive study using transnational American studies and historical approaches which also employs framing and media construction of reality theory. Framing and media construction of reality are employed to see how the media construct Trump's image to affect the Indonesian readers in terms of perceiving the image of Trump. The transnational study is used to see how the USA has influenced foreign countries, focusing on Indonesia. The inauguration of the USA’s president is significant for the Indonesian media and society and therefore, there is an impending need to review and drive opinions on the construction of Trump's image. In contrast, the historical approach is used to see how the media associate Trump with the history in the USA. Two online media: Kompas and Media Indonesia, provide the research data. The sample was taken from articles published a week before and a week after his inauguration address on January 20th, 2017. The finding shows that there are six issues used as frames in both of the online newspapers. They are (1) the consequences of Trump's appointment, (2) rejection of Trump’s leadership, (3) Trump vs. Obama, (4) Trump and the media, (5) Trump’s concept of Make America Great Again (MAGA), and (6) the celebration of Trump’s inauguration. Trump is constructed as a popular figure through his rhetoric. His capability as a president is, however, questioned.
Keywords: Media construction of reality, President Trump, online news, transnational studies, American studies.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adoni, H., & Mane, S. (1984). Media and the social construction of reality toward an integration of theory and research. Communication Research, 11(3), 323-340. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365084011003001
Baghestan, A. G., & Osman, M. N. (2021). The image of Donald Trump in major Malaysian newspapers. Global Media Perceptions of the United States: The Trump Effect, 189.
BBC. (2010, November 10). Indonesian media assess Obama visit. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-11726000
Becker, H. S. (2017). Evidence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Campbell, N., & Kean, A. (2016). American cultural studies an introduction to American culture. London: Routledge.
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2005). Introduction: The discipline and practice of qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 1–32). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
Fording, R. C., & Schram, S. F. (2020). Hard white: The mainstreaming of racism in American politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Galucho, E. D. J. S. (2010). Pembingkaian berita kunjungan presiden AS Barack Husein Obama di Indonesia (Studi analisis framing tentang berita kunjungan presiden AS Barack Husein Obama pada surat kabar Kompas dan Republika edisi 10-11 November 2010) [Undergraduate thesis, UPN Veteran Jatim].
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. New York: Harper & Row.
Graham, A., Cullen, F. T., Butler, L. C., Burton, A. L., & Burton, Jr., V. S. (2021). Who wears the MAGA hat? Racial beliefs and faith in Trump. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 7, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023121992600
Gu, Y. (2022). Image, reality and media construction - A frame analysis of German media representations of China. Global Media and China, 7(1), 120-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/20594364211073859
Hall, S., Hobson, D., Lowe, A., & Willis, P. (2003). Culture, media, language: Working papers in cultural studies, 1972-79. New York: Routledge.
Hjarvard, S. (1999). Global media cultures: A research programme on the role of media in cultural globalization. Nordicom Review, 20(2), 71-77.
Jones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T., & Liu, J. (2021). Does media literacy help identification of fake news? Information literacy helps, but other literacies don’t. American Behavioral Scientist, 65(2), 371-388.
Kellner, D. (2009). Barack Obama and celebrity spectacle. International Journal of Communication, 3, 715-741.
Kellner, D., & Share, J. (2005). Toward critical media literacy: Core concepts, debates, organizations, and policy. Discourse: Studies in the cultural politics of education, 26(3), 369-386.
Kompas. (2012, February 3). Pedoman media siber. https://inside.kompas.com/pedoman
Kompas. (2017). #Obama liburan di Bali.
https://www.kompas.com/tag/obama+liburan+di+bali
Kroes, R. (1996). If you've seen one, you've seen the mall: Europeans and American mass culture. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Lalancette, M., & Raynauld, V. (2017). The power of political image: Justin Trudeau, Instagram, and celebrity politics. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(7) 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764217744838
Lim, M. (2012). The league of thirteen: Media concentration in Indonesia (Research report). Tempe, AZ: Participatory Media Lab at Arizona State University; Ford Foundation. https://www.neliti.com/publications/51157/the-league-of-thirteen-media-concentration-in-indonesia#cite
Mason, L. E., Krutka, D., & Stoddard, J. (2018). Media literacy, democracy, and the challenge of fake news. Journal of Media Literacy Education, 10(2), 1-10.
Media Indonesia. (n.d.). Tentang kami. https://mediaindonesia.com/statics/tentang-kami
Mohajan, H. K. (2018). Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects. Journal of Economic Development, Environment and People, 7(1), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.26458/jedep.v7i1.571
Murphy, O. A. (2010). Conceptions of the American dream. Inquiries Journal, 2(3). http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/articles/188/conceptions-of-the-american-dream
Neuman, W. L. (1997). Social research methods, qualitative and quantitative approaches (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Potter, W. J. (2004). Theory of media literacy, a cognitive approach. Santa Barbara: Sage Publication.
Reditya, T. H. (2021, August 4). Ulang tahun ke-60, inilah kisah Barack Obama, “Si anak menteng” yang jadi Presiden ke-44 AS. Kompas. https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2021/08/04/140640370/ulang-tahun-ke-60-inilah-kisah-barack-obama-si-anak-menteng-yang-jadi?page=all
Repko, A. F., Szostak, R., & Buchberger, M. P. (2019). Introduction to interdisciplinary studies. Thousand Oak: SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
Saleem, N. (2007). US media framing of foreign countries image: An analytical perspective. Canadian Journal of Media Studies, 2(1), 130-162.
Shulman, H. C., & Sweitzer, M. D. (2018). Advancing framing theory: Designing and equivalency frame to improve political information processing. Human Communication Research, 44(4), 155–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqx006
Slutsky, P., & Gavra, D. (2017). The phenomenon of Trump’s popularity in Russia: Media analysis perspective. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(3), 334-344.
Sofyan, E.H. (2010, June 30). Kisah kesederhanaan Si Anak Menteng. Kompas. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2010/06/30/22590929/kisah.kesederhanaan.si.anak.menteng?page=all
Swaine, J. (2018, September 6). Trump inauguration crowd photos were edited after he intervened. The Guardian.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/donald-trump-inauguration-crowd-size-photos-edited
Syam, H. M., & Nurrahmi, F. (2020). “I don’t know if it is fake or real news” How little Indonesian university students understand social media literacy. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(2), 92-105. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3602-06
Till, C. (2021). Propaganda through ‘reflexive control’ and the mediated construction of reality. New Media & Society, 23(6), 1362–1378. https://doi.org/gndkgf
Williams, C. B. (2017). Introduction: Social media, political marketing and the 2016 U.S. election. Journal of Political Marketing, 16, 207–211. https://doi.org/gjsf3g
Xenos, M. A., Scheufele, D., Brossard, D., Choi, D. H., Cacciatore, M., Yeo, S., & Su, L. Y. F. (2018). News media use and the informed public in the digital age. International Journal of Communication, 12, 706-724.
https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/5425
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
e-ISSN: 2289-1528