Definisi dan Tipologi Istilah Politik Laskar Siber di Malaysia
Abstract
Politik laskar siber adalah istilah yang merujuk kepada aktivis yang dibayar bagi menyebarkan propaganda politik di media. Kemunculan gerakan laskar siber ini dilihat signifikan pada Pilihan Raya Umum ke-12 dan semakin aktif pada Pilihan Raya ke-14. Sejajar dengan perkembangan ini, isu politik laskar siber ini mula mendapat perhatian sarjana yang mengkaji tentang kewujudan dan peranannya dalam konteks politik di Malaysia. Namun, kajian berkaitan pendefinisian istilah politik laskar siber ini masih terhad sehingga istilah ini turut disamakan dengan konsep ‘netizen’ dan jaguh siber. Ketiadaan definisi yang sesuai bagi menggambarkan laskar siber di Malaysia menyebabkan wujudnya stigma negatif dalam kalangan masyarakat. Oleh itu, kajian ini menganalisis definisi dan tipologi politik laskar siber di Malaysia dengan menggunakan kerangka konseptual political astroturfing. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif menerusi instrumen temu bual bersama 10 informan yang terdiri daripada golongan akademik, laskar siber dan aktivis politik serta kajian perpustakaan. Berdasarkan analisis tematik, dapatan menunjukkan definisi istilah laskar siber merujuk kepada pihak yang diupah menjadi agen perantara antara pemimpin dengan rakyat untuk menyampaikan sesuatu isu yang boleh mempengaruhi pemikiran masyarakat di media sosial. Terdapat beberapa tipologi laskar siber yang dikenal pasti antaranya ialah kumpulan ini melakukan kerja secara terancang dan teratur menggunakan akaun palsu untuk menutup identiti asal mereka, menerima upah dan memanipulasi berita di media sosial. Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini telah membangunkan kerangka konsep dan tipologi politik laskar siber di Malaysia bagi memahami dengan lebih mendalam peranan mereka. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat mewujudkan kesedaran dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang kewujudan politik laskar siber di negara ini.
Kata kunci: Politik laskar siber, definisi, tipologi, kualitatif, Malaysia.
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