Persepsi Warga Tua Terhadap Komplikasi Kesihatan Selepas Pengambilan Vaksin COVID-19 di Malaysia
Abstract
Pandemik COVID-19 telah menimbulkan risiko kesihatan yang ketara kepada populasi warga tua dan seterusnya, vaksinasi telah menjadi strategi kesihatan awam yang penting untuk perlindungan mereka. Objektif kajian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengetahuan sedia ada dalam kalangan warga tua terhadap vaksin COVID-19 dan mengenalpasti kebimbangan komplikasi kesihatan yang dirasakan terhadap vaksin tersebut. Temu bual mendalam telah dijalankan terhadap 15 warga tua yang berumur 60 tahun ke atas di Malaysia, yang mana kajian ini menggunakan persampelan bola salji untuk menganalisis pendapat daripada kumpulan informan yang menepati kriteria. Terdapat lapan tema utama yang terhasil daripada analisis temu bual tersebut iaitu; (i) jenis dan kesan vaksin Pfizer, (ii) jenis dan kesan vaksin Astrazeneca, (iii) jenis dan kesan vaksin Sinovac, (iv) jenis dan kesan vaksin campuran, (v) mengambil vaksin untuk melindungi diri dan keluarga secara terpaksa, (vi) vaksin untuk meningkatkan sistem imuniti, (vii) pengambilan vaksin sebagai pilihan individu, dan, (viii) vaksin cetus komplikasi kesihatan. Dapatan kajian ini menjelaskan bahawa kebanyakan warga tua telah melengkapi kedua dos vaksin lebih awal dalam pelancaran vaksin, apabila mereka memahami fungsi vaksin dalam meningkatkan sistem imun badan dan melindungi mereka daripada dijangkiti wabak COVID-19. Namun, dapatan kajian juga menemukan warga tua yang lebih berhati-hati untuk menerima dos penggalak kedua apabila terdapatnya banyak maklumat salah tular di media sosial serta pengalaman buruk yang dihadapi selepas mengambil vaksin COVID-19. Selain itu, kajian ini mendapati bahawa warga tua mempunyai kebimbangan terhadap komplikasi kesihatan yang mereka percaya boleh meningkatkan risiko jika mengambil dos penggalak vaksin. Justeru itu, adalah amat penting bagi strategi komunikasi masa depan untuk menangani persepsi yang berbeza-beza ini dan menggalakkan keyakinan vaksinasi dikalangan kumpulan sasaran ini.
Kata kunci: Vaksin COVID-19, maklumat salah, komplikasi kesihatan, warga tua, keraguan vaksin.
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