Factors Affecting Tobacco And Alcohol Consumption Of Countries According To Income Level

Abstract

This study examined factors related to tobacco and alcohol consumption in low, lower middle, high middle, and high-income countries. The factors associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption of countries according to income level are discussed as the dollar price of the most consumed cigarette, happiness index, unemployment rate, and gross domestic product (GDP) of the countries. Factors related to tobacco and alcohol consumption were determined using a generalized linear model and regression analysis. The results showed that tobacco consumption in high-income countries is associated with alcohol consumption and cigarette prices, and alcohol consumption is related to tobacco consumption and, if the significance level (alpha) is accepted as 0.10, unemployment. It has been observed that for high middle-income countries, none of the factors considered are associated with alcohol consumption, while tobacco use is related to cigarette prices, happiness index, and GDP variables if alpha is taken as 0.10. For lower middle-income countries, it has been found that alcohol consumption is related to tobacco use and unemployment, while tobacco use is associated with alcohol consumption and unemployment. Considering low-income countries, it was observed that none of the factors considered are associated with alcohol consumption. Unemployment and GDP are related to tobacco use when alpha is taken as 0.10. The study sheds light on the complex relationship between tobacco and alcohol consumption and the factors related to tobacco and alcohol consumption, according to the income level of countries.